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Exploring NEET Biology: The Living World Through Q&A
Hey there, fellow biology enthusiasts! Are you ready to dive into the fascinating world of biology through the lens of NEET exam preparation? If you're gearing up for the NEET Biology exam, you know that it can be a bit overwhelming, especially when it comes to a topic as broad and complex as "The Living World." But fear not! I've put together a friendly guide to help you unravel this exciting chapter using a question-and-answer format. Let's get started!
Understanding "The Living World"
Remember when you first marveled at a simple leaf or got lost in the eyes of a cat? That's the beauty of the living world – it's all around us and yet, deeply intricate. The concept of "The Living World" covers everything from the simplest microorganisms to the most complex organisms on Earth. But what exactly does it mean, and what are some key aspects you need to focus on for your NEET exam?
Key Topics Covered
- Definition of Life: What makes something alive? Is it just about growth, or is there more to it?
- Diversity of Life Forms: How different are bacteria from whales? Spoiler: they are hugely different yet fascinatingly similar!
- Classification: Why do we need to classify organisms? And how do we even start?
- Nomenclature: Ever wonder why scientific names are in Latin or Greek? There's a story behind it!
Common Questions About "The Living World"
To make things crystal clear, here's a Q&A section that tackles some of the most frequently asked questions on "The Living World" for NEET Biology.
Why is Classification Important?
Have you ever tried finding a book in a massive library without any categorization? Just as libraries organize books, scientists use classification to organize living organisms. It makes studying, identifying, and understanding creatures easier and more systematic. Think of it like sorting your music playlists – it’s all about making information manageable and accessible.
What is Binomial Nomenclature, and Why is it Used?
Binomial nomenclature might sound like a mouthful, but it's simply a two-name system used to name species. This method was developed by the famous botanist Carl Linnaeus. It ensures that every living creature has a unique name, reducing chaos and confusion. It's like assigning everyone a unique username online to prevent mix-ups!
How are the Living Organisms Classified?
Organisms are classified into hierarchical categories based on common characteristics. It starts broad and becomes more specific: Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species. Imagine a massive tree with branches representing kingdoms, which then split into smaller branches for phyla, and so on – that's how classification works!
| Level | Example - Human |
|---|---|
| Domain | Eukarya |
| Kingdom | Animalia |
| Phylum | Chordata |
| Class | Mammalia |
| Order | Primates |
| Family | Hominidae |
| Genus | Homo |
| Species | Homo sapiens |
Tackling NEET Questions Effectively
So, how do you prepare for questions on this topic in the NEET exam? Here are a few tips:
- Understand the Basics: Make sure you have a clear understanding of the fundamental concepts like classification, nomenclature, and the definitions of life.
- Visual Aids: Use diagrams and charts to memorize classification systems. Visual learners will find this particularly helpful.
- Sample Papers: Practice with past NEET papers to familiarize yourself with question patterns and time management.
Conclusion
There you have it, a brief yet insightful foray into "The Living World" as you prepare for the NEET Biology exam. By understanding the importance of classification and nomenclature, and by practicing effectively, you'll be well on your way to acing this section. Remember, the living world is all around you – and in understanding it, you unlock the secrets of life itself. Good luck, and happy studying!
The Living World
Q.1 Which of the following taxa contains organisms that are most distantly related?
(1) Order
(2) Class
(3) Genus
(4) Family
Q.2 Which of the following properties or processes do we associate with living things?
(1) energy processing
(2) responding to the environment
(3) growth and reproduction
(4) all of the above
Q.3 Which of the following sequences represents the hierarchy of biological organization from the least to the most complex level?
(1) organelle, tissue, biosphere, ecosystem, population, organism.
(2) cell, community, population, organ system, molecule, organelle.
(3) organism, community, biosphere, molecule, tissue, organ.
(4) molecule, cell, organ system, population, ecosystem, biosphere.
Q.4 A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a
(1) biosystem.
(2) community
(3) population
(4) family
Q.5 Which branch of biology is concerned with the naming and classifying of organisms?
(1) informatics
(2) schematic biology
(3) taxonomy
(4) genomics
Q.6 Species that are in the same _____ are more closely related than species that are only in the same _____.
(1) phylum; class
(2) family; order
(3) class; order
(4) family; genus
Q.7 Two species that belong to the same genus must also belong to the same
(1) kingdom
(2) phylum
(3) class
(4) all of the above
Q.8 Which of these is reflective of the hierarchical organization of life from most to least inclusive?
(1) kingdom, order, family, phylum, class, genus, species
(2) phylum, class, order, kingdom, family, genus, species
(3) kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
(4) genus, species, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family
Q.9 What was the species concept most used by Linnaeus?
(1) biological
(2) morphological
(3) ecological
(4) phylogenetic
Q.10 The various taxonomic levels (viz, genera, classes, etc.) of the hierarchical classification system differ from each other on the basis of
(1) how widely the organisms assigned to each are distributed through out the environment.
(2) the body sizes of the organisms assigned to each.
(3) their inclusiveness.
(4) the relative genome sizes of the organisms assigned to each.
Q.11 The common housefly belongs to all of the following taxa. Assuming you had access to textbooks or other scientific literature, knowing which of the following should provide you with the most specific information about the common housefly?
(1) order Diptera
(2) family Muscidae
(3) genus Musca
(4) class Insecta
Q.12 Generally, within a lineage, the largest number of shared derived characters should be found among two organisms that are members of the same
(1) kingdom
(2) class
(3) domain
(4) family
Q.13 Which ‘suffixes’ used for units of classification in plants indicates a taxonomic category of ‘family’.
(1) Ales
(2) Onae
(3) Aceae
(4) Ae
Q.14 ICBN is
(1) International Code of Biological Naming
(2) International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
(3) International Class of Biological Nomenclature
(4) International Classification of Biological Nomenclature.
Q.15 Match Column-I with Column-II and select the correct option from the codes given below.
(1) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(iv)
(2) A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(ii), D-(i)
(3) A-(iii), B-(iv), C-(i), D-(ii)
(4) A-(i), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(iii)
Q.16 The term ‘systematics’ refers to:
(1) Identification and classification of plants and animals
(2) Nomenclature and identification of plants and animals
(3) Study of Diversity of kinds of organisms and their relationship
(4) Study of Different kinds of organisms and their classification
Q.17 Two organisms are present in the same class but not in the same family. They may belong to same
(1) genus
(2) species
(3) variety
(4) order
Q.18 The taxonomic category below the level of family, is
(1) class
(2) species
(3) phylum
(4) genus
Q.19 As we go from species to kingdom in a taxonomic hierarchy, the number of common characteristics
(1) Will decrease
(2) Will increase
(3) Remain same
(4) May increase or decrease
Q.20 Genus represents
(1) An individual plant or animal
(2) A collection of plants or animals
(3) Group of closely related species of plants or animals
(4) None of these
Q.21 Which of the following statements regarding the universal rules of biological nomenclature is incorrect?
(1) Biological names are either derived from Latin language or are latinised.
(2) The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the species.
(3) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin.
(4) The specific epithet starts with a capital letter while the generic epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of mangifera Indica.
Q.22 Which of the following taxonomic categories includes all the others?
(1) Family
(2) Order
(3) Genus
(4) Species
Q.23 The taxonomic unit ‘Phylum’ in the classification of animals is equivalent to which hierarchial level in classification of plants
(1) Class
(2) Order
(3) Division
(4) Family
Q.24 Select the correct option for biological names.
(1) They are binomial.
(2) They are descriptive.
(3) They are universal
(4) All of these
Q.25 Botanical gardens and zoological parks have
(1) Collection of endemic living species only
(2) Collection of exotic living species only
(3) Collection of endemic and exotic living species
(4) Collection of only local plants and animals
Q.26 Which taxonomic aid contain information an any one taxon
(1) Taxonomic key
(2) Herbarium
(3) Monograph
(4) All of these
Q.27 Which one of the following books was contributed by Linnaeus?
(1) Systema Naturae
(2) Historia Plantarum
(3) Historia Naturalis
(4) All of these
Q.28 Taxonomic key is one of the taxonomic tools in the identification and classification of plants and animals. It is used in the preparation of
(1) Monographs
(2) Flora
(3) Both 1 & 2
(4) None of these
Q.29 In a taxonomic hierarchy, genus is interpolated between
(1) kingdom and class
(2) phylum and order
(3) order and species
(4) family and species.
Q.30 Choose the correct matching
(1) Botanical
garden : Kew (
(2)
(3) National
Botanical Research Institute :
(4) All of these
Q.31 All living organisms are linked to one another because
(1) They have common genetic material of the same type
(2) They share common genetic material but to varying degrees
(3) All have common cellular organization
(4) All of above
Q.32 _____ is a taxonomic aid which contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area and also provides the index to the plant species found in a particular area.
(1) Flora
(2) Key
(3) Monograph
(4) Manual
Q.33 Basic unit or smallest taxon of classification is
(1) species
(2) kingdom
(3) family
(4) variety
Q.34 Which one is correctly written scientific name?
(1) Panthera Tigris
(2) Mangifera indica
(3) Pucnthera Leo
(4) Columba LIVEA
Q.35 In Solanum tuberosum; first and second word stand for, respectively
(1) genus, generic name
(2) specific epithet species
(3) specific name and generic name
(4) generic name and specific name
Q.36 Choose the correct statement for Wheat
(i) Biological Name : Triticum Aestivum
(ii) Genus : Triticum
(iii) Family : Poaceae
(iv) Order : Poales
(v) Class : Dicotyledonae
(1) i, ii, iii, iv
(2) ii, iii, iv
(3) i, ii, iii, iv, v
(4) i, iii, v
Q.37 Match the following columns.
Codes
(1) A-1, B-2, C-4, D-5, E-1
(2) A-4, B-2, C-3, D-3, E-1
(3) A-3, B-2, C-3, D-1, E-4
(4) A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3, E-2
Q.38 In Mangifera indica, the word Mangifera is a
(1) genus
(2) species
(3) variety
(4) order
Q.39 According to binomial nomenclature, scientific name of an organism consists of
(1) generic name
(2) specific epithet
(3) Both (1) and (2)
(4) None of these
Q.40 Which one is species?
(1) Cannis
(2) Pisum
(3) Leo
(4) Carnivora
Q.41 Choose the correct statement related to taxonomical aid
(1) Flora contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.
(2) Manuals are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area.
(3) Keys are generally analytical in nature.
(4) All of these
Q.42 Who proposed binomial system of nomenclature?
(1) Candolle
(2) Linnaeus
(3) Bentham
(4)
Q.43 The genus Felis includes
(1) tiger
(2) fish
(3) cat
(4) frog
Q.44 A taxon is a
(1) group of related species
(2) group of related families
(3) type of living organism
(4) taxonomic group of any ranking
Q.45 Choose the correct statement for Homo sapiens.
(1) Family : Hominidae
(2) Order : Primata
(3) Class : Mammalia
(4)All of these
Answer and Solutions
(1) (2). A class contains closely related orders, which, in turn, contain closely related families. A family contains closely related genera, and a genus contains very closely related species. Since a class contains many different genera, some of which may be closely related (within the same family) or some of which may be distantly related (in different families or even different orders), it contains organisms at least some of which may be very distantly related. However, there must be some general characteristic shared by all organisms in a class that allows them to be grouped at the class level.
(2) (4)
(3) (4)
(4) (3)
(5) (3)
(6) (2)
(7) (4)
(8) (3)
(9) (2)
(10) (3)
(11) (3). Housefly :
Genus : Musca ; Family: Muscidae ;
Order : Diptera ; Class : Insecta ;
Phylum : Arthropoda
(12) (4)
(13) (3). The name of a plant family is plural adjective
and is formed by adding the suffix-aceae to the stem of a legitimate name of an
included genus, e.g., Rosaceae from
(14) (2).
(15) (2). Botanical gardens are sufficiently large sized tracts where plants of different types and areas are grown for scientific and educational purposes.
Zoological parks are the places where wild animals are kept in protected environments under human care and which enable us to learn about their food habits and behaviour.
Museums have collections of preserved plant and animal specimens for study and reference. Specimens are preserved in the containers or jars in preservative solutions. Plant and animal specimens may also be preserved as dry specimens. Museums often have collections of skeletons of animals. A herbarium is a collection of plants, which have been dried, pressed, mounted on herbarium sheets, identified and classified according to approved system of classification.
(16) (3). Systematics is the branch of study of diversity of organisms and all comparative and evolutionary relationship between them.
(17) (4).
(18) (4).
(19) (1).
(20) (3). Genus refers to a taxonomic category which comprises a group of closely related plants and animals. E.g., Panthera leo is lion. Panthera is a genus which has less common characters than species.
(21) (4).
(22) (2).
(23) (3). Phylum/Division is a taxonomic category higher than that of class and lower than that of kingdom. The term phylum is used for animals while the term division is used for plants. A division or phylum is formed of one or more classes. The phylum Chordata of animals contains various classes such as Ayes, Reptilia, Amphibia, Cyclostomata, Chondrichthyes,
Osteichthyes, Mammalia, etc. The division Angiospermae of plants consists of two classesDicotyledonae and Monocotyledonae.
(24) (4). The scientific names or biological names have a number of advantages over the common names:
(i) All known animals, plants and microorganisms, have been provided with scientific names. This has helped in their easy classification.
(ii) A newly discovered animal, plant or bacterium can be described and named.
(iii) Each organism has been given a single scientific name. It eliminates the likely confusion of multiple naming.
(iv) An incorrect or inappropriate name can be easily set right.
(v) The scientific names are universal, being used all over the world irrespective of the language of the people.
(vi) The scientific names indicate relationship of the species with others placed in the same genus.
(vii) The scientific names are often descriptive, indicating some important characteristic of the organism.
(viii) The scientific names are either derived from Latin or are Latinised.
(25) (3). Botanical gardens and zoological parks are specialised places where living plants are grown and living animals are kept (where they can reproduce too) respectively. Both, endemic (local) as well as exotic (foreign to that place) species are kept in these places. They can be used for scientific studies.
(26) (3).
(27) (1).
(28) (3). Flora is a book containing information as to the habitat, climate, seasonal changes, distribution, description and index of plants found in a specific area. Monograph is treatise having all information about a particular taxon like family or genus.
(29) (4).
(30) (4). Botanical garden : Kew (
National Botanical Research Institute:
(31) (2). All organisms share common genetic material, i.e., DNA and RNA. However, it can vary to certain degrees.
(32) (1).
(33) (1). Species occupies a key position in classification and it represents the lowest taxonomic category. As per the definition given by Ernst Mayr in 1964 :
“A species is a group of actually or potentially inbreeding populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups.”
A species may have subgroups, called subspecies or varieties, showing certain distinct features of their own.
(34) (2). Mangifera indica, scientific name consists of two words a generic and another specific name. It is binomial system of nomenclature.
The first word denoting the genus start with capital letter, while specific epithets start with small letter.
(35) (4). In a scientific name, the first name denote/indicates the generic name of the organism, while second name indicates or stands for specific epithet or specific names.
(36) (2). Wheat
(i) Biological Name : Triticum aestivum
(ii) Genus : Triticum
(iii) Family : Poaceae
(iv) Order : Poales
(v) Class : Monocotyledonae
(37) (2). Planaria : True regeneration
Fungi : Asexual spores
Yeast : Budding
Hydra : Budding
Amoeba : Binary fission
(38) (1). Mangifera is the generic name of mango.
(39) (3). Binomial nomenclature provide a distinct and proper scientific name to organism, each consisting of two words, first generic name and second specific name, which are derived from Latin language. Scientific names are printed in italics and hand written name is underlined.
(40) (3). Panthera leo is scientific name of lion. Cannis is genus (cat). Pisum is also generic name of sweet pea, Carnivora is order.
(41) (4). Flora contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area.
Manuals are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area.
Keys are generally analytical in nature.
(42) (2). Binomial system of nomenclature was proposed by Carolus Linnaeus. Binomial system approve two name for an organism, i.e., generic and specific name.
(43) (3). The genus Felis is used to represent cats.
(44) (4). Taxon is used to represent any rank in taxonomic hierarchy, i.e., any level of grouping of organism based on observable feature.
(45) (4). Homo sapiens.
Family : Hominidae
Order : Primata
Class : Mammalia
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